
Dairies are finding big results in a small bean, and it’s reshaping how cows are fed from the ground up.
For decades, soybeans have played a familiar role in dairy rations, a reliable source of protein, energy and amino acids. But in recent years, a new variety of the crop has emerged with the potential to reshape how dairy farmers think about feed efficiency and homegrown sustainability: high oleic soybeans.
High oleic soybeans look much like conventional soybeans, but under the surface, they’re nutritionally different. They contain a much higher level of oleic acid, a type of monounsaturated fat also found in olive oil. This change in oil profile makes the beans more digestible for cows and more versatile for farmers.
The Science Behind the Bean
At Michigan State University (MSU), Dr. Adam Lock, professor in the Department of Animal Science, has led much of the research exploring how high oleic soybeans perform in dairy diets. Supported by trials funded by the Michigan Alliance for Animal Agriculture (M-AAA), with the Michigan Milk Producer Association’s (MMPA) support, Lock and his team have conducted over a decade’s worth of studies looking at dietary fats and fatty acids which recently has included research on high oleic soybeans.
“The simple answer,” Dr. Lock explained, “is that high oleic soybeans contain a different type of fat. Conventional soybeans are mostly linoleic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, while high oleic varieties flip that ratio. They’re typically around 70-80% oleic acid, higher even than olive oil.”
That shift in fat composition has big implications in the rumen. High oleic beans can be fed at higher rates than traditional soybeans without the risk of milk fat depression, a problem many nutritionists associate with high-fat feeds. Dr. Lock’s research has consistently shown that cows fed rations containing high oleic soybeans have increased butterfat yield, higher milk fat yield and improved feed efficiency.
“The benefits go beyond butterfat,” Lock said. “We often see an increase in overall milk yield, especially when feeding early lactation cows. And because oleic acid improves digestibility and energy balance, we’re seeing effects that can carry through peak production.”
From the Research Farm to the Field
Those research results have sparked interest across the dairy industry, from nutritionists fine-tuning rations to producers looking for ways to reduce purchased feed costs.
For nutritionist and dairy consultant Nathan Elzinga the benefits have been clear. “We started working with Dr. Lock and MSU during the early trials,” Elzinga explained. “Once we saw the data and started feeding these beans on commercial farms, we realized this wasn’t just a small bump in performance, it was a consistent, repeatable improvement.”
Elzinga said that depending on how aggressively they’re included in the diet, farms typically see an increase of about five pounds of energy-corrected milk, often accompanied by improved income over feed cost.
“The biggest thing,” he said, “is that we’ve yet to see a negative result. Every farm has either broken even or seen a gain.”
That consistency, he added, has led to widespread adoption. “At this point, nearly every herd I work with has high oleic soy in some form in the diet, either as full-fat roasted beans or as an expeller meal product.”

The Economics Add Up
From an economic standpoint, high oleic soybeans offer multiple value streams for both soybean growers and dairy producers.
Dr. Vincenzina Caputo, professor of Consumer and Food Economics at Michigan State University and director of the Food Choice and Policy Lab, has studied both the supply- and demand-side economics of high oleic soybean adoption. Her research shows that soybean farmers are drawn to the price premiums, typically between $0.50 and $3.00 per bushel, and to having a local buyer base willing to pay those premiums.
For dairy producers, the motivation is equally practical. “When replacing commercial fat supplements such as calcium salts or saturated prills, feeding roasted high oleic soybeans can save up to $1.80 per cow per day,” Dr. Caputo said. “Those savings come from feed efficiency and reduced reliance on purchased fat supplements.”
In some cases, local collaboration between soybean growers and dairies has created closed loop systems, where soybeans are grown, roasted and fed within a small geographic area. These partnerships not only lower input costs but also strengthen local economies.
“In 2023 we decided to take the chance and replace 300 acres of our corn with high oleic soybeans and purchased a roaster from a local farmer,” MMPA member and early high oleic soybean adopter, Brian Preston explains. “It was a big risk that paid off. In the first year our feed costs went down $1 per cow per day, and our components increased significantly. It was unlike any other change we had made.”
While enthusiasm is high, Dr. Caputo and Dr. Lock both emphasize that the path to widespread adoption isn’t without challenges. Roasting and storage require investment. On-farm roasters can range from $10,000 for used units to $100,000 for high-capacity new ones, though mobile roasting services and cooperative-owned roasters are starting to emerge.
“There’s a lot of excitement, but there’s also real infrastructure needs,” Dr. Caputo said. “Right now, only a handful of processors in Michigan offer high oleic soybean contracts, which can limit access for growers. And while farmers are eager to collaborate locally, intellectual property restrictions make small-scale partnerships harder.”
Dr. Lock echoed that sentiment, noting that quality control is key. “Roasting must be consistent,” he said. “You can over-roast and lose protein quality or under-roast and reduce digestibility. Some feed mills are now installing roasters specifically for high oleic beans, which is helping make them more accessible.”
Elzinga added that grind size is another important consideration. “We recommend a final grind around 800 microns, similar to soybean meal,” he said. “It’s not just about tossing beans in the diet; you still have to balance the ration carefully.”
High oleic soybeans don’t just make economic sense, they also contribute to the dairy industry’s sustainability goals. By substituting imported fats and proteins with locally grown alternatives, farms can reduce transportation emissions and increase self-sufficiency.
“If we can grow more of our own feed ingredients here in Michigan, that’s a win for everyone,” Dr. Lock said. “You’re reducing trucking, supporting local growers and keeping value within the state.”
Dr. Caputo’s research points to broader environmental benefits as well. “Replacing imported commercial fat supplements with locally produced high oleic soybeans could help lower the carbon footprint of dairy rations,” she explained. “It also strengthens regional circular economies, where the feed, milk and processing all happen close to home.”
A Look Ahead
As with any new technology, the high oleic soybean movement is still evolving. Supply constraints, particularly on seed availability, remain a short-term concern. But all three experts believe the trend is here to stay.
Elzinga sees high oleic soybeans as a lasting fixture in the nation’s feed landscape. “It’s not a flash in the pan,” he said. “The demand on the dairy side has given new life to this crop.”
Dr. Lock agrees, “It’s another tool in the nutrition toolbox. For high-producing herds, it’s helping us meet cows’ increasing energy and fat requirements in a safer, more sustainable way.”
Dr. Caputo predicts steady expansion. “Over the next five to ten years, adoption will depend on local processing and cooperative infrastructure,” she said. “Regions that develop strong grower-dairy linkages will lead the way.”
Back on the farm, producers who’ve tried the beans often describe them in similar terms, simple, effective and surprisingly transformative. Producer Brian Preston has called them “a once-in-a-generation change” and Dr. Lock didn’t disagree. “It really is a win-win opportunity, more milk components and lower feed costs. There aren’t many things that can do that.”
For dairy producers, that win-win mindset captures what innovation looks like today: practical, research-driven progress that supports profitability, sustainability and collaboration across the agricultural community.
As Dr. Caputo put it, “When you connect the dots between research, local production and consumer awareness, high oleic soybeans become much more than a feed ingredient. They become part of a more resilient and sustainable food system.”
Quick Tips for Feeding High Oleic Soybeans
Start Smart with Inclusion Rates
Begin around 8–12% of total diet dry matter, or roughly 6–7 pounds per cow per day. Adjust with your nutritionist to balance for energy, protein, and overall diet goals.
Roasting Makes a Difference
Michigan State University research confirms that roasted beans outperform raw for milk fat yield and digestibility. If you can’t roast on-farm, explore mobile roasting services or feed mills equipped with roasting units.
Grind Size Matters
Target a grind size of about 800 microns, similar to soybean meal. Over-grinding can hurt rumen function, while under-grinding limits nutrient availability.
Keep Some ‘Palm Fat’ in the Mix
Removing all supplemental fat isn’t recommended. Leaving a small amount of palmitic acid-enriched supplement in the ration helps complement the oleic acid in high oleic soybeans and maintain balance.
Monitor Milk Components and Cost
Track changes in milk fat, protein and feed efficiency over several weeks. Many farms report both a production boost and a lower cost per hundredweight once diets stabilize.
Collaborate Locally
Work with neighboring soybean growers to source beans directly and reduce trucking costs. Closed-loop models keep feed dollars in the community.
Test and Track Quality
Check roasting consistency with Protein Dispersibility Index (PDI) and Urease Activity. Good roasting equals better bypass protein and digestibility.
Lean on Your Team
As Dr. Adam Lock says, “There’s still a lot of art to the science of feeding cows.” Stay in close touch with your nutritionist and feed advisor to fine-tune the ration as you go.
This article was originally published in the November/December 2025 issue of the Milk Messenger. Subscribe »



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